Study Guide Module 2

🧠 Knowledge Checklist

✅ Variables & Expressions

• Assign values to variables using =
• Use arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **
• Predict the output of expressions

✅ Functions

• Define a function using def
• Pass arguments (parameters) to functions
• Use return to send values back
• Call functions inside print() or other functions

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

print(add(3, 4))  # Output: 7

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✅ Conditionals

• Use if, elif, and else to control program flow
• Each if/elif must end with a colon (:)
• Code under each block must be indented
• Use comparison operators to test values

🔸 Comparison Operators:

Symbol	Meaning	Example	Result
==	Equal to	5 == 5	True
!=	Not equal to	5 != 3	True
>	Greater than	6 > 2	True
<	Less than	1 < 5	True
>=	Greater or equal	7 >= 7	True
<=	Less or equal	3 <= 8	True

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🔸 Logical Operators:

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
and	True if both are true	5 > 3 and 6 < 10	True
or	True if either is true	5 > 10 or 6 < 10	True
not	Inverts a Boolean	not 5 > 10	True

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🔸 Alphabetizing Strings

• Uses Unicode values for comparison
• "a" < "b" → True
• "Z" < "a" → True (because uppercase letters have smaller Unicode)

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🔸 Floor Division // and Modulo %

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
//	Floor division (drops decimal)	7 // 2	3
%	Modulo (gives the remainder)	7 % 2	1

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✅ Complex Conditionals in if-elif-else

You can use multiple conditions with logical operators:

if x > 5 and x < 10:
    print("Between 5 and 10")
elif x == 5 or x == 10:
    print("Exactly 5 or 10")
else:
    print("Outside range")

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🛠 Coding Skills

🧪 Skill Group 1 – Functions + Conditionals

• Use def to define a function
• Use comparison operators to check conditions
• Use return to send back a result

def task_reminder(time_as_string):
    if time_as_string == "08:00":
        return "Time to eat!"
    elif time_as_string == "12:00":
        return "Time for lunch!"
    else:
        return "Keep working."

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🧪 Skill Group 2 – Predict Output

• Understand what functions return
• Understand how nested functions evaluate

def product(a, b):
    return a * b

print(product(product(2,4), product(3,5)))
# 2*4 = 8, 3*5 = 15, then 8*15 = 120

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🧪 Skill Group 3 – Complex Conditions

def get_remainder(x, y):
    if x == 0 or y == 0 or x == y:
        remainder = 0
    else:
        remainder = (x % y) / y
    return remainder

print(get_remainder(10, 3))  # 10 % 3 = 1 → 1 / 3 = 0.333...

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⚠️ Syntax Reminders

Common Mistakes to Avoid:

• ❌ Misspelled keywords: (retrun, fucntion, etc.)
• ❌ Missing or wrong colons: (if x == 5 ← needs :)
• ❌ Wrong indentation
• ❌ Wrong quote types (‘smart quotes’ instead of ' or ")
• ❌ Case sensitivity (Print vs print)
• ❌ Using parentheses or brackets incorrectly

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✅ Best Practices:

• Use meaningful variable names
• Add comments for clarity
• Keep code readable and consistent
• Write self-documenting code: code that explains itself without extra comments

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